Following footprints

Following footprints

Footprint tunnel at Dropping Well Farm by Joe Gillard

Joe has been following footprints on the search for small mammals at Dropping Well Farm..

Darting through the undergrowth in a fast blur, you may catch a glimpse of a tail as something small scurries around.

How do you know what little furry friends we have living around us? You could try to catch one if you have lightning-fast reflexes or perhaps you could set up a catch-and-release trap but that requires late nights, early mornings and regular checking. A great way to monitor the small mammals we have on our nature reserves - and you could do this in your garden too (whilst also getting your full eight hours of sleep) - is to set out footprint tunnels. This can be an inexpensive and easy way to survey for mice, shrews and voles.

So how do you set one up? You'll need:

  • A flat-based tunnel around 50cm long
  • Some card
  • Charcoal
  • Olive oil
  • Peanut butter
  • Paint brush
Footprint tunnel at Dropping Well Farm

Footprint tunnel at Dropping Well Farm by Joe Gillard

To set up a footprint tunnel, you'll need to lay the tunnel in a scrubby patch or the bottom of a hedge - basically, any place with cover. Lay the card in the tunnel. Then, mixing the charcoal and olive oil, you create a thick paste that you spread at the end of each side of the card. The final step is to put a little bit of peanut butter inside of the tunnel to attract small mammals to cross the paste and leave their footprints on the card.

Over the past couple of months, we set out a number of footprint tunnels around Dropping Well Farm with varying success. The first of four we set out was around the new hedge line and we got ... nothing! Now this was partly my fault as I put them out a night before a storm and placed them in an area that was too open. So, when I went to collect them a couple of days later, all I had was some rather damp tunnels and soggy card.

Shrew footprints from a footprint tunnel at Dropping Well Farm

Shrew footprints by Joe Gillard

Learning from past mistakes, I tried again, this time using one of the more established hedges. Laying on the ground, I pushed more footprint tunnels into the centre of the hedge. I was rewarded for my effort and time getting stuck under a hawthorn hedge, as a couple of shrews later wandered through my tunnels.  

I know we have more to find - there are definitely more than shrews on site - and we have also found several field mouse nests. In summer, when small mammals are more active, I will set the tunnels up again - hopefully with more positive results to report!

There's an illustrated variation of my footprint tunnels below but if you want to set one up at home, you can learn from my errors. Here are my top tips:

  • Put the footprint tunnel under lots of cover
  • Check the weather for the night ahead and don’t put them out if there is a bad forecast
  • Try different locations if you didn’t find anything in the first
Illustrated instructions for making a small mammal footprint tunnel
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